The National Defence Academy (NDA) is India’s premier institution for training young men and women to become officers in the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. This guide answers all your questions about NDA, from eligibility to career opportunities, in simple English to help you understand and prepare effectively. Let’s dive into everything you need to know to start your journey!

A – About NDA

What is NDA?

The NDA, located in Khadakwasla, Pune, is a world-class military academy where cadets train to become officers in the Indian Armed Forces. It’s the first step to a prestigious career serving the nation.

Why should I join NDA?

Joining NDA offers a life of adventure, respect, and purpose. You’ll serve the country, enjoy a stable career with good pay, and get benefits like pension and job security. It’s a chance to lead and inspire.

What does NDA stand for?

NDA stands for National Defence Academy, the gateway to becoming an officer in the Army, Navy, or Air Force.

How is NDA different from CDS or AFCAT?

• NDA: For Class 12 students, trains for all three forces over 3 years.
• CDS (Combined Defence Services): For graduates, leads to officer roles via IMA, OTA, or AFA.
• AFCAT (Air Force Common Admission Test): For graduates, specific to Air Force officer roles.

NDA is for younger candidates, while CDS and AFCAT require a degree.

B – Basic Eligibility

Who can apply for NDA?

• Indian citizens (male or female).
• Unmarried candidates.
• Those who have passed or are appearing for Class 12.

What is the minimum qualification required?

You need to pass Class 12 from a recognized board. For Navy and Air Force, Maths and Physics in Class 12 are mandatory.

Can girls apply for NDA?

Yes, girls have been eligible since 2021 and follow the same selection process as boys.

What is the age limit for NDA?

Candidates must be aged 16.5 to 19.5 years at the start of the course.

What is the minimum height required?

• Army: 157 cm (male), 152 cm (female).
• Navy/Air Force: 157 cm (male), 152 cm (female).
• Relaxations apply for certain regions (e.g., Gorkhas, Northeast).

C – Course and Curriculum

What do cadets study at NDA?

Cadets study academics (like a college degree), military skills, and physical fitness to prepare for leadership roles.

What are the subjects taught?

• Academics: Maths, Physics, Chemistry, English, History, Geography, Political Science.
• Military Training: Weapon handling, drills, strategy.
• Physical Training: Sports, fitness, obstacle courses.

Is NDA like a college?

Yes, NDA is like a college but with a military focus. Cadets earn a Bachelor’s degree while training to become officers.

How long is the NDA training?

NDA training lasts 3 years, followed by 1–1.5 years at service academies (IMA, Naval Academy, or Air Force Academy).

D – Defence Forces Selection

Which forces do NDA cadets join after training?

Cadets can join the Indian Army, Navy, or Air Force, based on their preference and merit.

Can I choose between Army, Navy, or Air Force?

Yes, you can indicate your preference during the application, but final allocation depends on merit and vacancies.

What is the difference between IMA and NDA?

• NDA: For Class 12 students, trains for all three forces.
• IMA (Indian Military Academy): For graduates, trains only for Army officer roles.

E – Exam Pattern

What is the pattern of the NDA exam?

The NDA exam has two stages:

1. Written Exam: Conducted by UPSC twice a year (April and September).
2. SSB Interview: A 5-day test of personality and leadership.

How many papers are there?

Two papers:

• Mathematics: 300 marks, 120 questions, 2.5 hours.
• General Ability Test (GAT): 600 marks, 150 questions, 2.5 hours.

What subjects are asked in NDA written exam?

• Mathematics: Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Calculus (Class 12 level).
• GAT: English (grammar, vocabulary) + General Knowledge (History, Geography, Science, Current Affairs).

Is NDA exam tough?

The exam is challenging but achievable with consistent preparation. Maths requires practice, and GAT tests your awareness and English skills.

F – Fitness Requirements

What are the physical fitness standards?

Candidates must meet standards for running, push-ups, sit-ups, and obstacle courses, varying by gender and force.

How to prepare for the medical test?

• Exercise regularly (running, strength training).
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Fix medical issues (e.g., dental, ear problems) early.

Is there a running test in NDA selection?

Yes, a 1.6 km run must be completed in under 8 minutes for full marks.

G – Girls in NDA

Are girls eligible for NDA?

Yes, girls can apply since 2021 and compete for all three forces.

What are the rules for girls joining NDA?

Girls follow the same eligibility, exam, and training process, with slight adjustments in physical standards.

Is the training same for girls and boys?

Training is nearly identical, with minor differences in physical tests to account for gender-specific standards.

H – How to Prepare

How to start NDA preparation from Class 10 or 11?

• Focus on Maths and Science basics.
• Read newspapers for current affairs.
• Practice English grammar and vocabulary.
• Start fitness training early.

Should I join coaching for NDA?

Coaching helps but isn’t necessary. Self-study with good resources works if you’re disciplined.

Which books are best for NDA preparation?

• Mathematics: NCERT Class 11 & 12, R.S. Aggarwal.
• English: Wren & Martin, Word Power Made Easy.
• General Knowledge: Lucent’s GK, Manorama Yearbook.

How much time is required for NDA preparation?

6–12 months of daily study (2–3 hours) is sufficient if you start early.

I – Interview (SSB)

What is the SSB Interview after NDA exam?

The Service Selection Board (SSB) is a 5-day test assessing personality, leadership, and intelligence through group tasks, psychological tests, and interviews.

How to prepare for SSB?

• Practice group discussions and public speaking.
• Build teamwork and leadership skills.
• Be confident and honest in interviews.

What kind of questions are asked in SSB?

Questions cover personal goals, current affairs, and situational scenarios to test decision-making and leadership.

J – Joining Process

How to apply for NDA exam?

• Visit upsc.gov.in or upsconline.nic.in.
• Fill the online form.
• Pay the fee (₹100 for males, free for females/SC/ST).

What is the NDA application process?

1. Apply online.
2. Clear the written exam.
3. Pass the SSB interview.
4. Clear medical tests.
5. Join NDA based on merit.

Can I join NDA after 12th without Maths?

Yes, for the Army wing, but Maths is mandatory for Navy and Air Force.

K – Knowledge Required

What level of GK is required?

Class 10–12 level knowledge in History, Geography, Science, and Current Affairs.

Do I need to study current affairs?

Yes, current affairs are essential for GAT and SSB. Read newspapers or follow trusted news apps.

Is Maths compulsory for NDA?

Maths is compulsory for Navy and Air Force but optional for Army.

L – Life at NDA

What is daily life like in NDA?

Cadets follow a strict schedule starting at 5 AM, with academics, military drills, sports, and fitness training.

Do cadets get phones?

Phones are allowed during limited hours to maintain discipline.

Is life at NDA hard?

Life is tough due to strict discipline and rigorous training but builds character and resilience.

M – Medical Requirements

What are common medical rejection reasons?

Flat feet, obesity, dental issues, color blindness, or hearing problems.

Can I wear glasses and still get selected?

Yes, if eyesight meets standards (e.g., 6/6 or 6/9 with correction).

What are NDA eyesight requirements?

• Army: 6/6 or 6/9 (corrected).
• Navy/Air Force: 6/6 without glasses for pilots; minor corrections allowed for other roles.

N – NDA vs Other Exams

NDA vs CDS – which is better?

NDA is for Class 12 students and offers early entry; CDS is for graduates. Choose based on your age and education.

Should I choose NDA or Engineering?

NDA is for those passionate about military service; engineering suits technical careers. Follow your passion.

NDA vs Merchant Navy?

NDA offers a military career with lifelong benefits; Merchant Navy provides high pay but less stability.

O – Opportunities after NDA

What is the salary after NDA?

Starting salary is ₹56,100–₹1,77,500/month (7th Pay Commission), plus allowances.

What rank do you get after NDA?

After training, you become a Lieutenant (Army), Sub-Lieutenant (Navy), or Flying Officer (Air Force).

Is there pension after NDA?

Yes, officers get a pension after 20 years of service, plus other benefits.

P – Postings and Promotion

Where do NDA officers get posted?

Postings can be across India or abroad (border areas, naval ships, air bases).

How is career growth in NDA?

Promotions are based on service and performance:

• Army: Lieutenant → Captain → Major (6–7 years).
• Navy: Sub-Lieutenant → Lieutenant → Lieutenant Commander.
• Air Force: Flying Officer → Flight Lieutenant → Squadron Leader.

When does an NDA officer become Major or Wing Commander?

• Major (Army): 6–7 years.
• Wing Commander (Air Force): 9–12 years.

Q – Qualifications

Is NDA a degree course?

Yes, NDA offers a Bachelor’s degree (BA, BSc, or BTech) from JNU.

What is awarded after NDA – BA, BSc, or BTech?

• BA: Army cadets (social sciences).
• BSc: Army/Navy/Air Force (science stream).
• BTech: Navy/Air Force (technical roles).

Is NDA equivalent to graduation?

Yes, the 3-year NDA course is equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree.

R – Ranks and Roles

What rank do you get after NDA training?

Lieutenant (Army), Sub-Lieutenant (Navy), or Flying Officer (Air Force).

Can I become a pilot through NDA?

Yes, Air Force cadets can become pilots if they pass the Pilot Aptitude Battery Test and meet medical standards.

What are the different roles after NDA?

• Army: Infantry, Artillery, Armored Corps.
• Navy: Executive, Engineering, Pilot.
• Air Force: Fighter Pilot, Transport Pilot, Technical Officer.

S – Scholarships and Support

Is NDA training free?

Yes, training is fully funded, including food, accommodation, and education.

Are there any scholarships during training?

No separate scholarships, but cadets get a stipend (around ₹56,100/month in final training).

Do NDA cadets get paid?

Yes, cadets receive a stipend during training and full officer salary after commissioning.

T – Training

What happens during NDA training?

Training includes academics, military drills, leadership exercises, and physical fitness.

How long is the full training till commissioning?

• NDA: 3 years.
• Service Academies: 1–1.5 years.
• Total: 4–4.5 years.

Is the training physically very tough?

Yes, it’s demanding with running, obstacle courses, and drills, but it builds strength and discipline.

U – Uniform and Discipline

What uniform do NDA cadets wear?

Khaki (Army), white (Navy), or blue (Air Force), depending on the wing.

Is discipline very strict in NDA?

Yes, strict rules on punctuality, behavior, and dress code instill military values.

Are there punishments at NDA?

Minor punishments like extra drills ensure discipline is maintained.

V – Vacancies and Cut-off

How many seats are there in NDA?

Around 370–400 seats per course (Army: 208, Navy: 42, Air Force: 120, Naval Academy: 25–30).

What is the NDA cut-off every year?

Cut-offs range between 340–360 marks (out of 900) for the written exam, plus SSB performance.

How many students appear for NDA every year?

Around 4–6 lakh students appear annually.

W – Written Exam Tips

How to crack NDA written exam in first attempt?

• Study NCERT books for basics.
• Solve past papers.
• Focus on accuracy and speed.

How many questions are asked?

• Mathematics: 120 questions (300 marks).
• GAT: 150 questions (600 marks).
• Total: 270 questions.

What are the best strategies for time management?

• Allocate 1 minute per Maths question.
• Attempt easy questions first.
• Practice mock tests for speed.

X – X-Factor

What makes NDA special?

NDA blends education, military training, and leadership, creating disciplined officers who serve the nation.

Why do people respect NDA officers so much?

Their courage, leadership, and patriotism earn them widespread respect.

Is NDA better than IIT or NEET?

NDA is for military service; IIT and NEET are for engineering and medical careers. Choose based on your passion.

Y – Your Future

What will my life look like after NDA?

You’ll lead a disciplined life as an officer, with postings across India and opportunities for growth.

Can I settle abroad after NDA?

Officers can’t settle abroad during service but may pursue international opportunities after retirement.

Can I switch to civil services after NDA?

Yes, officers can prepare for UPSC Civil Services exams during or after service.

Z – Zero to Hero

I am an average student – can I still clear NDA?

Yes, with hard work, smart preparation, and discipline, anyone can succeed.

How many attempts are allowed?

No limit on attempts within the age range (16.5–19.5 years).

Can I prepare for NDA without coaching?

Yes, self-study with NCERT books, online resources, and practice papers is enough if you’re committed.

Start Your NDA Journey Today!

The NDA is your chance to serve the nation, lead with pride, and build a rewarding career. With dedication and the right preparation, you can turn your dream into reality. Begin studying, stay fit, and aim high—your future as an officer awaits!